2017年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞
在英語(yǔ)中，表示主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞就叫做動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的意義及在句子中的作用，可將動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(v)、系動(dòng)詞(link-v)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)和助動(dòng)詞(v. aux)四種類(lèi)型。基以下是百分網(wǎng)小編搜索整理的關(guān)于2017年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞，供參考學(xué)習(xí)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關(guān)信息請(qǐng)持續(xù)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，要和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度。它沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：
1. can表示能力，有“能”“會(huì)”的意思;表示可能性，多用在否定或疑問(wèn)句中;表示請(qǐng)求和許可。
如：The parrot can speak three languages. 這只鸚鵡能講三種語(yǔ)言。
Can I borrow the book from the library?我可以從圖書(shū)棺借這本書(shū)嗎?
Shanghai can be very cold in March. 上海三月份可能會(huì)很冷。
拓展延伸can還有過(guò)去式could 可表“能，會(huì)”，又可以和be able to替換，而be able to有 更多時(shí)態(tài)。 如：
He could swim when he was four. =He was able to swim when he was four. 他四歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳。 在一般疑問(wèn)句中，can/could 常用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，用could 比用can語(yǔ)氣更加委婉和客氣。類(lèi)似用法的.還有Will /Would you (please)…等句型。
如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告訴我怎樣到郵局嗎? Would you please turn up the radio?請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)開(kāi)大點(diǎn)，好嗎?
2.may表示“許可”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于can，其否定回答用can’t/mustn’t;表推測(cè)時(shí)，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。
如：-May I borrow your ruler?我可以借用您的直尺嗎?
-No, you can't /mustn't. 不行。
She may be a teacher. 她可能是一名教師。
拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功!
3.must表示“必須;必要”，以“must”開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“needn't”或“don't have to”。 must表推測(cè)時(shí)，常用在肯定句中，是“一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn ' t表“禁止”的意思。
如：-Must I leave now?現(xiàn)在我必須離開(kāi)嗎?
-No，you needn't /you don't have to. 沒(méi)有必要。
This book must be Lucy's . Look! Her name is on the book cover. 這本書(shū)是露西的。看!封面上還有她的名字。
You mustn't draw on the wall. 你不準(zhǔn)在墻上畫(huà)畫(huà)。
拓展延伸must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀要求，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。如： My mother is ill. I have to look after her now. 媽媽病了，我得去照看她。
4.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，表示“需要;要”的意思。
如：Need we finish the work now?現(xiàn)在我們需要完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎?
They needn ' t look after him. 他們不需要照顧他了。
拓展延伸need還可以用作行為動(dòng)詞，可以用于各種句型。如：
Does he need any help? 他需要幫助嗎?
The desk needs repairing. 這張桌子需要修理。
5.shall 用于第一人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，過(guò)去式為should;will 用手第二人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求和建議，過(guò)去式為would。
如：Shall I go shopping with you?'我可以同你去購(gòu)物嗎?
I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步該干什么。
Would you please come a little earlier?請(qǐng)你來(lái)早一點(diǎn)好嗎?
6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better的用法
(1)had better 后接動(dòng)詞原形，表勸告、建議，意為“最好”。“You'd better… ”含有強(qiáng)制命令的語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不宜使用。
如：You'd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好問(wèn)一下那邊的那個(gè)警察。
(2)慎用had better! 注意以下四條：
�、賖ad better表達(dá)的是說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)硬性的建議，告誡別人(包括自己)如何做。 如：Granny, the hospital is not very near. We'd better catch a bus. 奶奶，醫(yī)院不是很近。我們最好坐公共汽車(chē)。
②had better不用于禮貌的請(qǐng)求或征詢(xún)，它隱含一種警告或威脅。 如：You ' d better finish the work today and bring it tomorrow. 你最好今天就把作業(yè)完成，明天帶來(lái)。
③had better意思接近should，但它除了表示語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬以外，還表示馬上要去做的事情，比should更緊迫。 如：You’d better see a doctor at once. 你最好馬上去看醫(yī)生。
④had better不含比較的意思，該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“It would be good to… ”，而不是“It would be better to…”。
二、系動(dòng)詞
系動(dòng)詞有實(shí)際意義，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或身份等。 它分為完全系動(dòng)詞和不完全系動(dòng)詞。
1.完全系動(dòng)詞(be)可接名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、句子做表語(yǔ)。如： I'm a student. 我是個(gè)學(xué)生。(名詞) He is fine. 他很好。(形容詞) It is me. 是我。(代詞) Are you there?你在那兒?jiǎn)?(副詞) She is at school. 她在學(xué)校讀書(shū)。(介詞短語(yǔ)) He is to come soon. 他過(guò)會(huì)兒該來(lái)了。(不定式) My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。(動(dòng)詞的ing形式) My idea is that we will start now. 我的`想法是我們現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始。(句子)
2.不完全系動(dòng)詞 (get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容詞做表語(yǔ)。如：When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
春天來(lái)了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。 Food may go bad soon if it is not put into a fridge.
食物如果不放進(jìn)冰箱里就會(huì)很快變壞。 My brother became / turned a teacher after his graduation.
我哥哥畢業(yè)后就當(dāng)上了老師。(注意become和turn的用法區(qū)別)
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:
1. --Mary, ____ you speak Chinese? -- Yes, but only a little.
A. will B. can C. could
2. --Must I do the work now? -- No, you ____. You can do it later.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn’t
3. -- I can't stop smoking, doctor. -- For your health, I'm afraid you ____.
A. can B. need C. must
4. -- Whose book is it? -- It ____ be Bob's sister's. She is only a baby.
A. must B. mustn't C. can't
5. -- Jill looks so painful, there ____ be something wrong with her.
-- Oh, dear! We'd better take her to the hospital at once.
A. can B. should C. must
6. --Is Simon coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. may B. need C. must
7. -- May I try on the jeans? -- Yes, you ___.
A. should B. can C. must
8. -- Do you know any traffic rules?
-- A little. When the traffic lights are red, we ____ stop and wait.
A. may B. can C. must
9. I think schools ____ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.
A. would B. should C. could
10. -- Can I swim in the lake. Dad?
-- No, you ____. Haven't you seen the notice “No Swimming”?
A. may not B. mightn't C. mustn't
11. -- Are you going to Beijing by air?
-- It's fast but a little expensive. So I am not sure. I __ take it.
A. will B. may C. must
12. -- Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Of course you ____.
A. can B. will C. should
13. --Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. --No,____.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't
14. -- Will you please stay here for the party?
-- Sorry, I ____. I'll have to go to an important meeting.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
15. -- Must I tidy the room now?
-- No, you ____. You can do it after breakfast.
A. mustn’t B. need C. don't have to
16. -- You must come back every month. -- Yes, I ____.
A. will B. must C. should
17. -- Is this coat Jane's? -- It ____ be hers, but I'm not sure.
A. will B. may C. must
18. -- ____ we go and fly kites today? -- That's a good idea.
A. Should B. Must C. Shall
19. --ls your brother playing computer games, Ted?
-- He ___ do that because the computer doesn't work.
A. may not B. can't C. mustn't
20. -- I don't mind telling you what I have known.
-- You ___, and I am not asking you for it.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not
21. _____ you help me?
A.Will B.Shall C.Must
22. You ______watch TV if you’ve finished your homework.
A. can B. must C. need
23. I have seen lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____report it to the police?
A. should B. may C. will
24. -- Who is the girl standing over there?
-- Well, if you ______know, her name is Mary.
A. may B. can C. must
25. -- Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is?
-- It’s two blocks straight ahead. You _____miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t
26. -- Mom, there goes the bell.
-- Oh, it _____ Annie. I invited her to come for dinner.
A. can’t be B. must be C. may be
27. I’ll let you see the patient in an hour if you _____wait here.
A. will B. must C. can
28. Whoever can answer one of my questions ______get a prize.
A. would B. should C. will
29. Tom, you ______leave all your clothes on the floor like this.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t
30. It’s 7:50. You ____hurry, or you’ll be late.
A. might B. will C. had better
31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden _______ sweet.
A. taste B. smell C. become
32. She _______ like her mother in character.
A. is B. seems C. looks
33. In late autumn leaves _______ brown.
A. get B. turn C. come
34. Look! There _______ so many people here on vacation.
A. have B. are C. be
35. His classmate_______ a singer.
A. were B. grew C. has become
36. My job is ______ you math.
A. to teach B. teaches C. taught
37. How time flies! Three years _______ really a short time.
A. are B. is C. was
38. It sounds _______ a good idea.
A. as B. is C. like
39. Her temperature _______ to be all right.
A. seems B. sounds C. looks
40. His wish to become a driver has _______ true.
A. turned B. come C. been
41. Little Jim’s speech sounds _______.
A. friendly B. wonderfully C. nicely
42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was _______ dark.
A. going B. running C. getting
43. These apples taste _______.
A. to be good B. good C. well
44. -- How about the cloth you bought yesterday?
-- That’s very beautiful. It _______ so soft.
A. felt B. feels C. is feeling
45. When his brother telephoned him last night, he _______ asleep.
A. felt B. fell C. fall
46. The food will _______ bad easily in such hot weather.
A. go B. went C. turn
47. It _______ that he was late for the train.
A. looks B. says C.seems
48. What does your brother look _______?
A. like B. as C. after
49. The girl’s voice is so sweet and her songs _______ very beautiful.
A. taste B. look C. sound
50. What a lovely day! I hope it _______ fine.
A. stayed B. will stay C. will get
參考答案
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26-30BACBC 31-35BABBC 36-40ABCAB 41-45ACBBB 46-50ACACB
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