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l(f)rg:2017-10-28 ݋:1025

ܶν|ԇČW(xu)Ƿdz(dn)ČľCόҲ҂fС@ӵɆ“ô@ô׃B(ti)?x ٌ!”䌍ȫ؞˽]ȿxĴؚһȻ_!

summarizeҲǸx µҪ(ni)ݺ͸Փc

@䌍IntroductionҪă(ni)˸һξͲɆ}!

ParaphraseҲǸČպ˸Č㌑팢X~ˮČ䌍ҪăɷN

һʹòͬ~R

a.ʹͬx~µһЩl~Rͬx~һҪF(xin)Ȟl

important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,

think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out

nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days

b.׃~ԣ@һN΢yһЩķҪZA(ch)dzã`\

n. → v.

EgWhen we look at a comparison between A and B…

When we compare A and B…

Adj. → n.

There are a variety of solutions to the problem.

There are various solutions to the problem.

c. ʹòͬijн~н~®(dng)еʹஔ(dng)lHǶͶB߀Ӻ;ӵBסһЩõijн~ĸČИO

because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for

but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas

so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently

d.~_(d)ijЩ~M޸_(d)DZȌЧ

Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…

Not uncommon→common

The cheapest → the least expensive

ڶʹòͬľ

a. ׃~@ǷdzεһNȫÄXͿMиČеĠZ(Zľ)Qλá

Eg: For many years, people have believed ….

→People believed… for many years.

After this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.

b. ZB(ti)ͱZB(ti)ĻQEg: Trained scientists performed this research.

→This research was performed by trained scientists.

c. ʹ“there be” ԌһξR׃һ붨Zľ߷~ď(f)s䡣Eg: Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.

→There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.

d. Zľ~ͲZĻQ

Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…

→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…

Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…

→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…

CiteCό˿^ֻһ^ߵĽǶȌ@ƪµă(ni)Mij^cdzƪһҪf@ЩھCόбزȱ

a.According to+noun.

Eg: According to the passage/lecture/author/professor,…

b.Subject+verbs of reporting +that clause

Eg: The author tells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/points out/thinks/believes that…

The speaker agrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….

c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in the passage/lecture,...

SynthesizeҲBӡwvdzн~ʹஔ(dng)Ҫģ®(dng)еҪϢBwF(xin)ߌڃƪµ_fߵ˼·ھCόnjƪµı^팦ȺfMijн~ʹõl

a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary

b.Transitional words showing addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well

F(xin)ڣDzǸXܶ?Ҳ]ô¾Cό?ֻҪĴɣCόfǂyԿԽP(gun)

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